Octacalcium phosphate [OCP: Ca 8 H 2 (PO 4) 6 ·5H 2 O] exhibits excellent biocompatibility and can function as a bone replacement material through bone remodeling. 13–16 In addition, OCP functions as a precursor material for various calcium phosphates, such as apatite, through solid–solid phase conversion processes. 17–19 Therefore ...
Phosphorus is obtained from the mining of phosphate rocks, mainly the mining of minerals belonging to the apatite group; these ores represent a limited and non-renewable resource [].The composition of apatite, alongside its complex substitution scheme, affects not only the obvious phosphate grade attainable in a concentrate, but also solubility, reactivity, apatite …
The reaction between apatite and sulfuric acid, which produces soluble phosphoric acid and insoluble phosphogypsum, is the main reaction taking place in a phosphoric acid plant. Nevertheless, there are side reactions' involving some desirable and undesirable impurities. The present paper aimed to study and evaluate the performances and behavior of four grades of …
The main component of phosphate ore derive from fluorpapatite, Ca10 ... consists in reducing apatite by carbon in presen ce of silica at a temperature up to 1500°C, to produce native phosphorus whic h is then oxidized into P 4O 10. The latter reacts with water to produce H 3PO 4. This process is called dry process in opposition to the wet one ...
Biological apatite is an inorganic calcium phosphate salt in apatite form and nano size with a biological derivation. It is also the main inorganic component of biological hard tissues such as bones and teeth of vertebrates. ... On the other hand, in all these academic and clinical investigations, the preparation process of biological apatite ...
The Ethyl process utilizes CaF 2, a by-product of the raw material for a phosphate fertilizer: apatite. Apatite contains also silicates, calcium, and fluorine that can be converted to silicon tetrafluoride in the process of waste utilization ( Warren et al., 1985 ).
This review considers the fundamentals of calcium phosphate apatite characterization discussing several techniques: electron microscopy/EDX, XRD, FTIR/Raman spectroscopies, chemical analyses, and solid state NMR.
We investigate the transformation of mixed amorphous calcium phosphate/amorphous calcium carbonate phases into bone-like nanocrystalline apatite using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The …
The phosphoric acid solution (PA) produced via the wet process, namely the treatment of apatite with sulfuric acid and subsequent removal of gypsum, is called the wet-process phosphoric acid ...
As part of the process of evolutionary adaptations, the skeletal tissues were internalized, which paved the way for the emergence of organisms with larger body sizes. ... (OH) 2] comparable to geological apatite (a group of phosphate minerals) by both chemical composition and X-ray diffraction pattern analyses (see Eliaz and Metoki 2017 for a ...
The flotation selectivity of apatite from a phosphate ore as a function of particle size has been investigated by Santana et al. . ... Mineral liberation is closely related to the particle size in the flotation process of actual …
Apatite is the main recovered useful mineral in phosphate rock, while silicate minerals and carbonate minerals (dolomite and calcite) are the main gangue minerals. Apatite and gangue minerals usually coexist (Zhang et al., 2021). In order to make effective use of phosphate rock ... process of phosphate rock, such as oleic acid and Sodium oleate ...
Details of apatite formation and development in bone below the nanometer scale remain enigmatic. Regulation of mineralization was shown to be governed by the activity of non-collagenous proteins ...
In that sense, the relevant parameters of phosphate ores flotation are discussed while focusing on apatite, calcite, dolomite, and quartz as main constituent minerals. Leading phosphate producers ...
Beneficiation of low-grade phosphate deposits through direct froth flotation has captured more attention to satisfy the future needs of phosphorous industry. This is owing to the excessive consumption of the global reserves of high-grade phosphate deposits. Phosphate flotation using mixed collectors has been proved to give greater selectivity and high recovery of apatite …
Phosphate usually occurs as the mineral apatite, calcium phosphate, Ca5(PO4)3 -- plus various impurities such as iron oxides, clay silica, fluorine and perhaps uranium as in the Red Sea phosphate deposits, Egypt and Sokoto phosphate deposits, Nigeria. ... Through this process, phosphate from guano has accumulated over long periods of geologic ...
A method is described for the production of phosphate fertilizer from a high quality fraction of the apatite ore at Eppawala in Sri Lanka.Apatite is acidulated with nitric acid (70%) at approximately…
This paper introduces a mechanochemical process for the clean production of phosphoric slow-release fertilizer and soluble phosphate powders directly from apatite (Ca 5 …
The sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) has been also documented to integrate with bond tissue by forming the bonelike apatite on its surface in bony defect [2], [4], but the process of the apatite formation on the HA is not clear yet in the above context.In addition, Niwa et al. [17] early documented that the ability of bone integration of HA decreases as its sintered temperature …
The organic molecules in urine modify this process. Calcium Phosphate stone formers From Systemic diseases. Primary hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis raise average urine alkalinity (higher urine pH) and foster calcium phosphate kidney stones. ... 60% Calcium oxalate dihydrate. 40% Calcium phosphate (apatite).
For a fish body to completely mineralize into apatite, large amounts of phosphate must be present. ... leads to the inorganic precipitation of apatite. The efficiency of the process depends on the ...
concentrate of test 2 is suitable for the production process, but high chlorine content in the concentrate will create difficulties in the formation of water soluble phosphate fertilizers. Keywords: Apatite, Eppawala Rock Phosphate, Solubility, Water soluble phosphate fertilizers 1. Introduction Eppawala Rock Phospahe deposit is
The most common and widely distributed phosphate minerals are the apatite group, with the general formula Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (X) 2. ... In the wet process, phosphate rock is reacted in a slurry of phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate crystals containing a controlled quantity of sulfuric acid. The simplified reactions for the dihydrate process is as ...
Annually, Morocco uses over 3 billion tons of phosphate in the wet process "H 2 SO 4 route" to produce phosphoric acid. Phosphate rocks and byproducts could be alternative iodine sources, but iodine release during digestion is unclear due to limited studies. Understanding iodine distribution is crucial for developing an economic iodine recovery ...
uper Phosphate (TSP) results from the reaction of phosphoric acid on the p. perature up to 1500°C, to produce native phos. horus which is then oxidized into P4O10. The latter reacts with …
About Arianne Phosphate. Arianne Phosphate ("Arianne Phosphate Inc.") () is developing the Lac à Paul phosphate deposits located approximately 200 km north of the Saguenay/Lac St. Jean area of Quebec, Canada.These deposits will produce a high quality igneous apatite concentrate grading 39% P2O5 with little or no contaminants.
Apatite is the most abundant phosphate mineral which include more than 95% of al phosphorus in the Earth´s crust. The seventh chapter of this book provides brief description of sedimentary and igneous phosphate rocks and introduces basic ideas for characterization and classification of phosphate rocks. The chapter continues with description of biogenic apatites, …
The orchestration of a controlled apatite biomineralization process represents an intricate and still unsolved mystery. This process requires the biological generation of apatite supersaturation …
Kola apatite concentrate is a promising and raw material for complex processing, allowing producing, in addition to the basic product –phosphoric fertilizers, strontium, rare earth …
Super phosphate fertilizers are produced industrially through the reaction of phosphoric acid with natural phosphates. According to Pierre Becker [1], "the most important (mineral) for the phosphoric acid industry is the apatite …