There are three main factors that lead to sand production, namely, formation strength, the in-situ stress exerted on the wellbore after perforation and production rate.
The variation of sanding onset prediction results with the selection of one or another rock strength criterion is investigated. In this paper, four commonly used rock strength criteria in sanding onset prediction and wellbore stability studies are ...
The paper discusses sand production from oilfield chemicals-rock interactions, models that are used to forecast sand production, personnel safety, and maintaining production facilities.
The control mechanism of injection pressure on sand production damage is evaluated through an in-depth analysis of experimental data. The sand production damage under different injection pressures is shown in Figure Figure16 16. The sand production damage of the five unconsolidated sandstone core samples ranged between 2.55 and 19.98%.
In this chapter we consider two problems. One has to do with how sand is formed and the other deals with the source or place where sand is produced. In the first, we are concerned with the processes involved in the production of sand, how sand grains come into being....
Granite rock sand usually has fineness modulus of 2.8–3.0. Zhou et al. (2008) found that it is 3.5. Dolomite rock sand has a higher range of fineness modulus (3.8–4.2) which implies coarseness than other CRS (Katz and Baum, 2006; Wang et al., 2014; Cepuritis et al., 2015). Average percentage of fine content is given in Table 4. Granite and ...
strength rocks at low stress conditions, the process of sand production is less sensitive to hole size. This is an important factor to consider in decidi ng the dimensions of test
Therefore, sand production is a cyclic process that can be modeled as follows: At first, sand is continuously produced by an erosion process, described by Equations 1 and 7. After a while, there is a burst of sand production, and a new cycle begins. This process can repeat several times, making sand production continuous over a long pe-
In this chapter we consider two problems. One has to do with how sand is formed and the other deals with the source or place where sand is produced. In the first, we are concerned with the …
Excessive sand production is, therefore, undesirable and will limit oil recovery rates. A typical measure of these limits on recovery rates is the so-called "sandfree rate." A sandfree rate might be based on direct damage caused by sand production or might be based on the cost of sand management systems that limit the damage of the sand.
2.2.2 Influence of Sand Production on Porosity Structure 45 3 Sand Production Rate Prediction and Productivity Index Appraisal 56 3.1 Evolvement of Sand Production Rate Prediction Method 57 3.1.1 Wellsite Engineering Method 57 3.1.2 Stress‐Strain Model 58 3.1.3 Wormhole Model 60 3.1.4 Solid–Fluid Coupling Model 62 3.2 Sand Production Rate ...
A sandstone is a rock which consists of sand the size of quartz, and its grains size are nearly equivalent to each other and composed of silica cement with minimal fragment particles (Berg, 1970). Approximately 70% of the world's oil and gas is found in ... Sand production may be inevitable in unconsolidated sandstone formation with ...
ABSTRACT:. It is the scope of this work to present an analytical model for sand rate, and to compare its predictions to experi-mental observations as well as numerical simulations, in order to illustrate possible mechanisms involved in the sand production process. The extent to which it can be used for quantitative predictions remains to be verified. The …
Crushing stones into sand includes three steps: crushing, sand making, and sand washing. So what are the specific steps? What is the required equipment? The following will introduce it to you. 1. Crushing. The first step in …
Therefore, sand production can occur when the rock deforms because of in situ stresses related to reservoir depletion, which causes effective stresses to surpass the formation strength (Aminu et al. 2019a). Consider a rock formation as a cage that encloses individual sand grains. While the fluids in the pores push outward against the cage walls ...
Among others factors, the triggers for sanding include: drilling, cementing, and completion operations; stress and pressure conditions; formation strength and weakening; and cyclic processes. Any single factor may suffice to initiate sand production. Hence, comprehending sanding entails examining various physical mechanisms concerning the interaction between …
Sand production is a common problem in the development of oil and gas fields. A large amount of sand production will lead to formation plugging, production reduction or even shutdown of oil and gas wells. ... The swelling of the clay can affect the stability of the rock and cause sand outgassing. 10.3 Analysis of Sand Emergence Under Different ...
To address this issue, a physical simulation experiment was conducted to study sand production during injection and production in underground gas storage, with varying formation pressure and water ...
It is generally accepted that sand production cannot occur from intact rock, even if it is poorly consolidated, since a flowing fluid does not normally provide sufficient force to pull sand grains …
Sand is a loose, fragmented, naturally-occurring material consisting of very small particles of decomposed rocks, corals, or shells. Sand is used to provide bulk, strength, and other …
The shale sand production line process generally includes several key stages: raw material preparation, crushing, screening, sand production, washing, drying (optional), storage, …
In order to simulate the sand production of formation rock under alternating load during the operation of gas storage, the experimental cores are taken from Well N77 in Block Nanpu1-29 and Well G1 in Block Pugu2. The conditions of these two wells are shown in Table 1. The experimental method of thick wall cylinder was adopted, that is, drilling ...
However, when applying artificial sand, the rock powder content must be considered. Excessive rock powder content can have a negative impact on the performance of concrete, thereby affecting the overall quality of the project. ... However, this type of artificial sand production is more expensive. The second source of artificial sand is the ...
1. Introduction. The sand production prediction is one of the long-standing and complex problems in the petroleum industry [1].From the phenomenological viewpoint, sand production can occur when the formation do not present sufficient strength to withstand destabilizing forces generated during the flow of reservoir fluid [2], [3], [4].A wide variety of …
The production process could be divided into sand/gravel co-production process and separate produced sand process according to the processing methods of MS. In the practical project, it is recommended to give priority to the sand/gravel co-production process, which should be adjusted according to the changes of parent rock and the requirements ...
As no investigation has been performed on liquefaction in sand production, it is difficult to confirm its role in massive sand production. 2.2. Numerical Models Based on Discontinuum Approach. Sand production is a continuous and dynamic process that occurs at the microscopic scale and the rock becomes a discontinuum in nature.
The production of crushed rock aggregate involves the process of mining known as quarrying and it also has some environmental impacts such as noise pollution as a result of explosives and heavy ...
The paper discusses sand production from oilfield chemicals-rock interactions, models that are used to forecast sand production, personnel safety, and maintaining production facilities.
I take a typical ultra-deep tight sandstone gas reservoir located in Tarim Basin as an example to investigate the rare sand production problem. The situation of sand production was presented, and then conventional analyses were conducted. Six tight sandstone core plugs were selected to conduct rock mechanical tests before and after salt precipitation. Ultimately, a …