Characteristics and the Calculation of the Hazard Class of Phosphogypsum Natalya Seraya 1, Vadim Litvinov 2, Gulzhan Daumova 3,*, Nursultan Zhusipov 4, Zhanat Idrisheva 3
Unveiling the organic nature of phosphogypsum : Insights into formation dynamics, pollution load, and contribution to marine pollution in the Southern Mediterranean Sea ... Natural radioactivity and radiation hazard assessment of industrial wastes from the coastal phosphate treatment plants of Gabes (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea) Mar ...
The radiological evaluation of the phosphogypsum from series B and C indicates lowered values for radiation hazard indices, yet it remains unsuitable for direct use as a building material. Nonetheless, modifying the volume ratio between sulfuric acid and either nitric or hydrochloric acid has the potential to yield enhanced results.
Phosphogypsum (PG) and titanium gypsum (TG), as a by-product (solid waste) in phosphate fertilizer and titanium dioxide industry, are causing serious environmental hazards. The resource/harmless application of PG and TG is the development trend in the future.
PG, discharged into the sea, watercourses or in wilderness stocks, contains toxic elements harmful to ecosystems and human health, including heavy metals and radionuclides, and there is therefore a...
Dangerous ultra-fine compounds such as anatase and rutile (TiO 2), cadmium, lead, and nickel, were detected. This review is complemented with field measurements and …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt, with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts.
Side view of phosphogypsum stack. Phosphate production generates huge amounts of phosphogypsum wastes, nearly 48 million MTs in 1988 alone. Industry estimates that 5.2 tons of phosphogypsum is produced for every ton of phosphoric acid. Phosphogypsum has little market value and is transferred as a slurry to waste piles called phosphogypsum stacks.
Phosphogypsum is an acidic by-product from the phosphate fertilizer industry. Large quantities are produced world-wide and it is estimated that by the year 2000 up to 280 million tonnes will be produced annually. Although phosphogypsum is mainly calcium sulfate dihydrate, it contains elevated levels of impurities which originate primarily from ...
Phosphogypsum deposits are usually associated with an important load of radionuclides and metals. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the hazard derived from the metals leaching with phosphogypsum deposits located in areas under US and European environmental regulations. Archived samples from Mulberry (USA) and field samples from ...
Subpart R protects the public and the environment from the hazards of radioactive materials found in phosphogypsum. Some Guidance on Applying for Approval for Other Uses …
The concentrations of radioisotopes (238U, 234U, 235U, 210Po, 232Th, 40K, and 226Ra) in naturally occurring radionuclide materials were determined through gamma and alpha spectrometry. The average activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were matched with literature data from various countries. The radium equivalent value derived is 532.3 Bq kg−1, which exceeds …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of ...
Phosphogypsum stacks, byproducts of phosphate fertilizer production, have garnered attention due to their environmental and health implications. These mounds are primarily composed of gypsum but contain impurities that pose risks. Their management is important for minimizing potential hazards.
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a calcium sulphate dihydrate and a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. It is produced in huge quantities (300 MT/year), but only 15% of the PG produced is recycled. Phosphogypsum is valued in several sectors: road construction,...
In addition to radionuclides, phosphogypsum contains some trace contaminants which may pose health and environmental hazards, such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, fluorine, zinc, …
Phosphogypsum contains some heavy metals and radioactive elements that could pose serious environmental risks. Therefore, it is critical to ensure that the exposure to these impurities does not ...
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of phosphoric acid production, where worldwide PG generation exceeds 300 million tons annually. The vast majority of produced PG is discarded irresponsibly, leading to …
Schemes of both chemical processes. 2.1. Procedure A 2.1.1. Synthesis. Lime putty was obtained by using the Cárdenas–Escudero method [], with some modifications to scale the generation of by-products.In the first stage, 300 g of PG was suspended in 500 mL of distilled H 2 O under magnetic stirring. To this suspension, 180 g of NaOH in a 9 M solution was slowly added to …
This is the first study on the behavior and industrial fluxes of rare earth elements (REE) in the coastal fertilizer plants of Gabes (south-eastern Tunisia), the economic losses related to their wastes, and their environmental and human health hazards. The concentrations of 16 REE were assessed in phosphate rock (PR), phosphogypsum (PG) and phosphogypsum …
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various impurities with variable quantities depending on the origin of the phosphate rock.These impurities can restrict the reuse of phosphogypsum as a secondary primary resource.
Commonly, the hazard levels are evaluated by the parameters of gamma radiation hazard index, internal and external hazard index, absorbed gamma dose rate, annual effective dose in indoor and outdoor, and excess lifetime cancer risk. ... In this paper, a radiological characterization of phosphogypsum, phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers ...
The EPA and DEP lack adequate regulations needed to protect the public and the environment from hazards associated with gypsum stacks and dispersal of phosphogypsum. The phosphate industry should not be permitted to externalize the costs of their phosphogypsum waste disposal problem at the public's expense.
Radiological characterization of radionuclides contained in the phosphate rocks, phosphogypsum, phosphoric acid, and phosphates fertilizers (DAP, NPS, NPK, TSP, and TAP) in Morocco have been performed to provide a database for the assessment of the environmental and the radiological impacts.The measurements of the activity concentration were carried out …
ing the radiation hazards of phosphoric acid. Phosphate rock and phosphogypsum declare higher radiological parameters than the world limit while for phosphoric acid are within the world permissible limits. Keywords Radionuclide · Radiological hazard · Phosphate · Phosphoric acid · Phosphogypsum Introduction
The radiological and elemental hazards indices of phosphate fertilizers and phosphogypsum waste were investigated by determination of their components concentration using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) then comparing the resultant concentrations with the acceptable limit. The radioactivity of 40 K, 232 Th and 238 U within the …
In this paper, the contents of impurities in typical phosphogypsum are reviewed, and the hazard characteristics of these impurities on the harmless comprehensive utilization of …
Phosphogypsum (PG: CaSO4·2H2O) is a waste product (or by-product) from the production of phosphoric acid, the main component in the production of concentrated simple and complex fertilizers.
In this way, it is possible to determine how the most hazardous components of phosphogypsum behave during procedures until their stabilization through CO 2 fixation. This study provides an …
A variety of co-existing impurities in phosphogypsum limit its large-scale and high-value utilization. This paper summarizes the common contents of major impurity components (silicon and ...
The production and hazards of phosphogypsum Based on the China Industrial Statistical Yearbook and China Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer Industry Association, Hou et al. (2022) calculated that China's annual production of PG reached 62 × 10 6 t in 2010 and increased to 75 × 10 6 t in 2020, an increase of 20.97%.
Phosphogypsum stacks, byproducts of phosphate fertilizer production, have garnered attention due to their environmental and health implications. These mounds are …
Phosphogypsum leachate is characterized by multiple pollutants (Xie et al., 2022), and adopting the biological toxicology test could comprehensively and accurately reflect the actual pollution hazard level by integrating interactions among toxic substances (Gu et al., 2021). Zebrafish, due to its small size, high reproductive capacity, short ...
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. The phosphate ore and the resulting phosphogypsum contain radium, which decays to form radon gas. Both radium and radon are …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a byproduct of the wet phosphoric acid process, with calcium sulfate as its primary component. Approximately 4.5–5.0 t of PG are generated per ton of phosphoric acid produced (Li & Gu, 2016).Globally, the cumulative stockpiles of PG have reached 6 billion t, with an annual increase of 200 million t (Ou et al., 2021).By the end of 2020, PG …