Redox potential (Eh) control plays a significant role during sulfide mineral flotation by influencing the reactions on the surface of the minerals and accordingly the flotation behaviour.
Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) are some of the most important sources of copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo). Typically, the separation and recovery of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and molybdenite (MoS2), the major Cu and Mo minerals, respectively, in PCDs are achieved by two-step flotation involving (1) bulk flotation to separate Cu–Mo concentrates and tailings (e.g., …
This paper presents the design of a RMPC (Robust Model Predictive Controller) for effective control of the copper recovery in an industrial flotation column. Copper ore properties vary frequently causing uncertainties and disturbances …
the invention provides an approach to processing gold-copper ores involving on-line control of total economical value of integrated ... This equation does not direct automatically maximizing the value of the concentrate grade or minimizing the value in flotation tails. Under some conditions the expert system may take action which results in ...
Flotation of Chalcocite (Cu 2 S) Chalcocite (Cu 2 S) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) are the two most commonly floated copper sulphide minerals. Bornite (Cu 5 FeS 4) and covellite (CuS) and energite (Cu 3 AsS 4) are normally present in lesser quantities. The complete flotation of chalcocite is achieved between ph = 1 to ph = 10 with ethyl xanthate.
A previous study revealed that the addition of depressants could be used to control the oxidation state of the pyrite surface, which is the key ... while the recoveries of gold and silver were 9.22% and 26.66%. Therefore, the present work achieved the recovery of copper sulfide flotation under the condition of an ultra-low dosage of combined ...
This work explores efficiency improvements in the copper flotation stage, a complex nonlinear, multivariable process subject to numerous perturbations. The primary objective is to design a fractional-order PID (FOPID) control strategy and a fractional-order model reference …
From the results of SACV-tests on a copper electrode, it becomes apparent that Cu-EtX species like Cu-EtX and Cu (EtX)2 may be formed above -650 mV vs. SCE, besides dixanthogen formation between - 200 and 0 mV vs. SCE. Copper and chalcopyrite flotation in microflotation-electrochemical cell The SACV-measurements conducted so far indicated a ...
Mintek is applying advanced process control and optimisation techniques to improve the metallurgical performance of the Lubambe copper concentrator in Zambia. A continuous …
This paper presents the design of a RMPC (Robust Model Predictive Controller) for effective control of the copper recovery in an industrial flotation column. Copper ore properties vary …
Prediction of metallurgical responses during the flotation process is extremely vital to increase the process efficiency using a proper modeling approach. In this study, two new …
Rich copper concentrate is produced from crude copper sulfide ore by means of a flotation process that takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of small copper ore particles. To maximize the yield of copper, pH control is necessary in the flotation tanks. Crushed ore (containing 1 to 2 % copper), along with water and a lime ...
With this process, copper was recovered first with MBS depression of lead, zinc and pyrite. Lead was recovered after conditioning, utilizing cyanide as the base depression scheme to control sphalerite and pyrite. In these tests, …
Metallurgically, it becomes complex to take the process under control according to the optimal expected in the feeding of the process. In addition, it should be added that because the desired separation cannot be achieved in a single stage, several coupled stages are used, which are called flotation circuit. ... To model the copper ore ...
1. Introduction. Today, the flotation method, in which many parameters are effective, remains one of the most significant enrichment methods. According to Nagaraj [1] anything put into the flotation cell affects froth characteristics, as well as physical and operational parameters. The identities that are described as collectors, frothers and modifiers are necessarily blurred in …
Learn about copper flotation, its benefits, and new improvements. Discover how this process enhances mining efficiency and copper recovery. December 12, 2024. ... Automation and Control Systems. Modern copper flotation plants use advanced systems that can monitor and adjust the process automatically. These systems help ensure the flotation ...
Copper flotation plays a vital role in the extraction of non-ferrous metals. With the increasing demand for metals such as copper, the prediction of quality has become crucially urgent. It can help us identify potential quality issues in advance, reduce defective products and production costs, and ensure that products meet standards and market demands. However, in achieving …
This work explores efficiency improvements in the copper flotation stage, a complex nonlinear, multivariable process subject to numerous perturbations.
A quantitative analysis has enabled to link copper flotation response to the type of copper bearing minerals and physiochemical parameters such as redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), EDTA extractable Cu and Fe. ... Eh can be controlled and can be used as one of the on-line control parameters of flotation process in the plant for ...
Obtaining high recovery in copper flotation plants has been always under investigation in recent years. Misreported copper into tailing dramatically declines copper recovery. ... (96)00168-2 COPPER FLOTATION PROFIT AND CONTROL-SYSTEM ACCURACY R. Tenno and S-L. Jiimsa-Jounela Laboratory of Process Control and Automation, Helsinki University of ...
Control of Eh using NaCIO as a function of pH in a flotation cell for a Merensky ore pulp. When the pH was adjusted to pH 11 by the addition of NaOH the natural Eh was found to have decreased to a ...
Zavala et al. (1995) compared three algorithms in the control of a simulated copper flotation plant: (1) a multivariable DMC algorithm, (2) an expert rule-based controller and (3) …
This work aims to develop bubble size PDF based reagent dosage control for roughing flotation of copper flotation plants. Based on PDF modeling work using B-Spline estimator (Wang, 2000, Guo and Wang, 2010, Yang et al., 2009, Forbes et al., 2004), an entropy based B-Spline estimation technique is investigated to depict the PDF model according ...
Dewatering of Copper Flotation Tailings: Effect of Feed Dilution on the Thickener Performance July 2018 Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 40(1):1-7
The recovery and concentration of the nickel sulphide mineral, pentlandite, present several challenges due to its relatively slow flotation, leading to excessive hydrophilic gangue minerals in the ...
Froth flotation is the largest tonnage separation in mineral processing by which valuable mineral is separated from waste rock. Advances in control and optimisation of the froth flotation process are of great relevance since even very small increases in recovery lead to large economic benefits (Ferreira and Loveday, 2000, Maldonado et al., 2007). ...
Based on a systematic analysis of key variables in flotation process Aldrich et al. (2010) pointed out that the key to control flotation, a dynamic system of a fairly slow speed, lies in determining an appropriate control range under different initial conditions so that the flotation operation can be relatively satisfactory and even optimized.
After plastic flotation, the particle size, the dosages of collectors, frother, and activator were investigated and a copper concentrate assaying 53.5% Cu was obtained at the end of the copper ...
The samples were ground as dry and wet with both grinding media, to a P80 value of −75 µm, and then flotation was carried out under the same conditions. The obtained data from flotation were evaluated in terms of solid/water recovery, chalcopyrite/pyrite recovery and separation efficiency. ... Effect o f electrochemical control on the copper ...
The bias control loop adjusts the valve on the tailings line to maintain a constant bias between he tailings flowrate and feed flowrate. The pulp level control loop adjusts the …
Sodium cyanide is a commonly used depressant of non-valuable sulphides in copper sulphide flotation. The optimum quantity of cyanide needed to depress the sulphide …
Metal ions may have vastly different effects on the flotation of sulfide copper ore under different conditions, and metal ions can have an impact on both the sulfide flotation of oxidized copper ore and the flotation of sulfide …
With this process, copper was recovered first with MBS depression of lead, zinc and pyrite. Lead was recovered after conditioning, utilizing cyanide as the base depression scheme to control sphalerite and pyrite. In these tests, a zinc flotation was also performed to measure the metallurgical performance of that metal.
A characteristic feature of all variants of copper-zinc ore enrichment schemes is multi-stage grinding and flotation, additional flotation in a separate cycle of copper sulphide varieties lost in the tailings of copper concentrate cleaning, additional …