Two case studies demonstrate the applied aspects of the proposed method. Keywords: Pit design, gap problem, integer programming, pipage rounding, cut-off grade. DOI: 10.1134/S1062739114040140 INTRODUCTION Open pit mine design is a complex operation dealing with the generation of the most profitable mining sequence over the life of a mine.
In open pit mine planning and design, push back mine sequencing is widely used for long-term production planning. In push back design, a series of nested pits is generated and then considered as possible push backs with regard to the minimum push back width requirements. These nested pits are produced by parameterizing on one economic parameters like …
Continuity imposes that disconnected parts of the design correspond to di erent push-backs. Otherwise, it would result in more haulage access points and increased operational costs due to relocation. Smoothness is related to the shape of the bottom of the pit and looks to have enough
mining push backs and final pit limit. The process of devel oping geology plan maps is illustrated in Fig. 2. Cross-section maps are developed in a similar manner. Rock Fabric Data Collection To develop an understanding of minor geologic features, such as joint sets or foliation, mapping must provide a sys tematic and consistent measurement.
Currently, planning and design software have the aim to determine the limits of the ultimate pit using algorithms as published by (Lerchs & Grossmann 1965). Additionally, by varying the price of the metal, several push backs of the ultimate pit are created, generating nested pits with the purpose of establishing a mining sequence.
Pushbacks play a very crucial role in open pit mine design and optimisation. Production scheduling is based on the underlying set of pushbacks, so the manner and …
Selection of a pushback is a key component to the long-term planning process of the open pit as it is critical to the final mine design and realized profit. Pushbacks are designed to have a quick …
A dynamic sequencing method has been developed to simultaneously optimize the coal production rate, waste stripping rate, mining sequence, and mine life of an open-pit coal mine. The method first establishes a geological seam model of a bedded coal deposit which estimates the relevant attributes of coal seams at the center of each block on the X-Y plane.
Push backs used in the production planning of open pit mines play an integral role in generating annual cash flow. ... different algorithms have been implemented for the push back design of a cross section of a copper deposit and the results discussed. Moreover, the optimum number of push backs has been determined using analytical and multiple ...
Open Pit Mine Planning and Design 22 11 5/11/2014 Technology and Human Resources Choice of particular mining method commits operation to certain type of technology, equipment, human resources and processes. Later change in method will be at a cost Must allow for possibility of introducing new technology Necessary skills must be available to ...
The policy still has an effect in that it ... simulation continues until the simulated push-back design reaches the final pit limits. Afterward the ... and it has been used to analyze a number of ...
The optimal pit is then imported back to Surpac for detailed pit design incorporating a ramp and berms. The designed pit contains 5.03 Mt of ore at an average grade of 1.7063 g/t.
push-backs derived from parameterization of the ultimate pit. However, the drawback of ultimate pit parameterization is that the pushback size may vary greatly. It is often the c- ase that a small push-back is followed by a very large push-back. This occurrence is …
Where, n is the number of push-backs i=1,2,…n, G i is the mean value of ore grade for push-back i, and is the xp ect d ma nv lu fo r g i y . ... bench heights in the final pit design. In the ...
mining push-backs over the mine life. An intelligent agent interacts with the push-back simulator to generate an optimal push-back schedule using reinforcement learning. IOPS has been designed for long-term scheduling of large scale open pit mines. Traditional mine scheduling methods such as mixed integer linear programming focus on finding the
Function approximation of the discrete simulated push-backs provides the means to convert the set of partial differential equations (PDEs), capturing the dynamics of open pit layouts, to a system ...
The analysis shows that Resoblok model provides a good indication of the distribution, the number and the volume of unstable blocks; therefore, it is useful for the design of open pit mines. ... The main purpose of any open pit mine design is to propose an optimal excavation configuration, considering safety, ore recovery and financial return ...
The numbered squares represent blocks of a XY section, each number represents the pushback associated with each block in the solution of the SPPM∗documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage ...
In the present study IOPS is used to schedule the push-back design of an iron ore deposit to assess the effect of discounted economic block values on the optimal ultimate pit limits.
According to the findings, the optimum number of push backs has been proposed to be between three and six, as lower quantities of push backs are more likely to achieve the …
Download scientific diagram | Number of mine push backs. from publication: Reliability analysis of production schedule in multi-element deposits under grade-tonnage uncertainty with multi ...
The open pit design and scheduling problem is a large-scale optimization problem that has attracted considerable attention during the last 40 years The development of the "know-how" to improve economics of open pit mining projects through the use of mathematical optimization techniques goes back to early 1960's.
To create push-backs not exceeding a fixed overall tonnage and ore tonnage we developed an integer optimization model. Iteratively solving the model yields a series of push-backs. Due to the large data volume encountered in mining the model cannot be solved exactly in reasonable time.
geological uncertainty in open pit mine planning significantly reduces the risk of deviation from production targets and could result in 26 - 28 per cent increase in project value.
Automatic design of practicable portions of the mines called pushbacks is a desirable tool for the mining industry. This article proposes a new approach based on an …
the ultimate pit limit that may be mined, processed, and re ned in a number of years/periods Asad and Topal (2011). The ultimate pit problem can be formalized as follows.
Pit number. Enter the number of the pit that you want to base your contouring on. ... you can adjust the sensitivity that determines which blocks will be included in the final pit design. As you increase the setting, more blocks will be included. ... Notice that there is no need to follow the contours of the existing pit. The push-back seed ...
The final ramp or design ramp is the one that allow access to all the ... The deployment of loading equipment within the push-back of an open-pit mine ultimately determines the 'mining rate ...
This article proposes to consider the problem from another approach, by incorporating analysis of several scenarios that include optimal sequence of pushbacks in addition to operational...
This statistical equation is famous in mathematics as Bessel's correction (Reichmann, 1961): Equation (1): Where, n is the number of push-backs i=1,2,…n, Gi is the mean value of ore grade for push-back i, and is the expected mean value for ore grade during mine life cycle.
One of the topics I never really understood well at school was the concept of pushbacks (also known as phases or cutbacks) in open-pit mining. Time and again we were shown a big pit design (the final pit) that was then …
An optimum final pit limits design is carried out for each SGS ... negative effects of geological uncertainty and maximize the NPV simultaneously . ... Open pit push-back design is commonly based on
Existing methods of pushback (phase) design are reviewed in the context of "gap" problems, a term used to describe inconsistent sizes between successive pushbacks. Such …
The revised slope design has factors of safety in the range of 1.0 to 1.2, probabilities of failure of ten to 38 per cent, and increased slope angles of between 3° and 5° with respect to the original design. The pit deepening with these design slopes will deliver an extra two million tonnes of ore which will have a significant positive impact ...
Pushbacks play a very crucial role in open pit mine design and optimisation. Production scheduling is based on the underlying set of pushbacks, so the manner and approach in which pushbacks are selected, designed, and …