Therefore, depression of pyrite is desirable in the concentration of base metal sulfides by flotation. This can be achieved by floating in alkaline solutions (lime) using highly selective inorganic modifiers such as cyanides, sulfites, ferrocyanides and cyanides in combination with zinc sulfate (Fuerstenau et al., 1985).
Copper plays an essential role in the development of renewable energy resources and the production of electric vehicles, which drive the increasing copper demand in the future. Copper is primarily extracted from copper sulfide ores which contain chalcopyrite and bornite as primary copper sulfide minerals and chalcocite as secondary copper sulfide minerals. However, these …
Modifiers are chemicals used extensively in flotation to modify the action of the collector, making collector action more selective towards certain minerals [3; 7]. Modifiers can be classed as …
Conditioning: The ore is combined with water and several flotation reagents, such as modifiers, collectors, and frothers, after it has been processed. This makes the minerals become hydrophobic due to the selective adsorption of collectors, which are surface-active compounds. ... (Cu 5 FeS 4), and chalcocite (Cu2S).
The process has been traditionally applied to flotation of copper oxide-bearing ores to activate them for thiol collector flotation (Castro et al., 1974, Castro et al., 1976, Lee et al., 2009, Phetla and Muzenda, 2010, Shengo et al., 2014, Tijsseling et al., 2019).Due to its potential to improve flotation of the low quality oxide ores, it has been applied to flotation of oxidised …
This can be achieved by floating in alkaline solutions (lime) using highly selective inorganic modifiers such as cyanides, sulfites, ferrocyanides and cyanides in combination with ... (Ni 3 S 2) in the flotation of chalcocite in the processing of INCO matte with amyl xanthate at a pH of 11.7. Reports on the use of dextrin as a depressant for ...
Effect of modifiers on flotation of serpentine and talc mixed minerals at pH = 7, c(PBX) = 80 mg/L, talc: − 150 + 37 μm, serpentine: − 10 μm. Full size image. Figure 3 showed the effect of ...
chalcocite, bornite and others. The recovery of gold-containing pyrite to the ... Mineralogical diagnosis of feed and product streams from the copper flotation circuit have shown that the copper bearing minerals are well liberated and thus further liberation of the copper minerals was not selected as a method
pH Modifiers AKA Minor Agents. The role of the minor agents (pH Modifiers) is to increase the grade of concentrate, i.e., aid in selection, and to a lesser extent, aid recovery. Various theories have been advanced to explain …
It may be found in association with other copper bearing minerals like Bornite and Chalcocite or non-copper bearing minerals like Galena, Zinc, Silver and Gold. To start with, …
External control of the electrochemical potential of a bed of mineral particles was investigated by the US Bureau of Mines as a method for controlling particle interaction with organic collectors and, thus, flotation response. A cylindrically shaped, 200- to 300-g bed of sulfide mineral particles was used as the working electrode in an electrochemical-flotation cell. In a pH 9.2 sodium ...
The depression of pyrite depends on the type of pH modifier. For example, ... The Flotation of Chalcocite, Bornite, Chalcopyrite and Pyrite in an Electrochemical Cell. In Proceedings of the 15th International Mineral …
The active surface entities for chalcocite and bornite are metal xanthates, dixanthogen for pyrite, metal xanthate for initial flotation of chalcopyrite and dixanthogen for full flotation. ... But the overdose of potential modifier decreased the flotation recovery, which was attributed to the aggressive oxidation of mineral surface forming ...
The nature of the change in the chalcocite electrode potential depending on the type of modifier and storage device, as well as on pH, has been experimentally clarified.
After reviewing the previous studies, this study focused on the effect of oxidation treatment using H 2 O 2 on the floatability of chalcocite and enargite in the absence and presence of KAX at pH 9. Furthermore, this study investigated the H 2 O 2 treatment in the selective flotation of chalcocite and enargite. In addition, adsorption and surface characterization using …
2.3. Chalcocite grinding and flotation. Crushed chalcocite, 100 g, was wet ground in a stainless steel grinding mill using stainless steel rods to obtain a P 80 = 106 µm. After grinding, the slurry was transferred to a mechanical flotation cell of 1.5 dm 3.Using the pH modifiers, the pulp pH was adjusted to 9.5, which was maintained throughout the test, and the flotation …
Complete flotation of chalcopyrite is possible from pH 3 to pH 12 with ethyl xanthate. Both electrochemical oxidation of xanthate to dixanthogen as well as chemisorption of xanthate on chalcopyrite are responsible for flotation when xanthate is added as collector.
Figure 1 shows the principle of froth flotation. Figure 1: Principle of flotation [3]. Froth flotation can be regarded as a system [3], with various sub-processes and interactions. For flotation to take place an air bubble must be able to attach …
Specific flotation separations are as follows.•Copper sulphides such as chalcocite and copper oxides such as cuprite could be floated from enargite at pH 11 after setting the potential to about ...
The resource contains hypogene and supergene geomet units with a transitional zone located inbetween the (upper) supergene and the (lower) hypogene. In the hypogene unit, the major copper sulphides are bornite, chalcopyrite and chalcocite, whilst in the supergene, the sequence is led by chalcocite, then bornite, and finally chalcopyrite .
The flotation of chalcocite was conducted under various surface conditions, unoxidised, oxidised and sulphidised. The unoxidised chalcocite yielded a very high final …
Nowadays, froth flotation of chalcopyrite ore has developed a large number of reagents that make it possible to improve the mineral's buoyancy conditions, both in the presence of ions that simulate the use of seawater or …
The flotation of chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite in an electrochemical-flotation cell. In: XVth International Mineral Processing Congress, tome II, 1985. p. 198–210. Google Scholar Gebhardt J.E. and others. Electrochemical conditioning of a …
6.3.1 Chalcocite flotation 105 6.3.2 Depression of chalcocite flotation 108 6.4 Flotation Chemistry of Sphalerite 109 6.4.1 Sphalerite flotation 109 ... 8.1.4 Anglesite, cerussite and malachite flotation 161 8.2 Modifiers and Depressants 162 8.2.1 Inorganic modifiers and depressants 163
This paper presents both the fundamentals of sulphide mineral flotation and the practical aspects of sulphide ore flotation. The fundamental aspects of the flotation of sulphide minerals both in the absence and presence of thiol collectors are discussed in relation to their crystal structure, surface chemistry and electrochemical characteristics. Since the electrochemistry of the sulphide ...
It is anticipated that chalcocite flotation is more susceptible to an oxidizing grinding condition than chalcopyrite flotation. Pyrite depression in the cleaner stage plays a critical role in producing a high quality copper flotation product. In copper flotation plants, the current strategy is to maximize the recovery of copper minerals by ...
galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcocite and molybdenite. Traditionally, these minerals have been separated from each other using relatively simple flotation schemes to process high-grade, coarse-grained ores. Because of the depletion of these easy-to-process ores, however, flotation scientists and engineers are
Thus a copper ore consisting of chalcocite in a gangue of rock-forming silicates will yield, under a given method of treatment, a higher grade of concentrate and show a higher ratio of concentration than another copper ore of identical copper content, in which the copper mineral is chalcocite, but in which pyrite is associated with the other ...